世亲金刚八十偈梵文检索：修订间差异

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第3,082行：

► p. 358

==7、

==7、adha==

？？？

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

ádha, or ádhā ind., Ved. (= átha, used chiefly as an inceptive particle), now, then, therefore, moreover, so much the more, and, partly. ádha—ádha, as well as, partly partly. ► p. 19c

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

[adha, text in Sukh 22.8 (vs) -adha nānaprabhūta-, erroneously; read adhanāna (= °nānāṃ) prabhūta-.]

► p. 12

=pṛthagbhāvena saṃtatyā vṛtter ājīvitasthiteḥ | punaś ca gatilīnatvād ātmasaṃjñā caturvidhā ||12||=

==1、pṛthagbhāva==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 pṛthagbhāva

【释义】［阳］异相，异有。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

pṛthag-bhāva, m. separate state or condition, difference, distinctness, individuality KaṭhUp. MBh. &c. ► p. 646a

==2、saṃtata==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 saṃtata

【释义】［过分］延伸，连续。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

sáṃ-tata, mfn. (cf. sa-tata) stretched or extended along, spread over (loc.) PraśnUp ; covered with (instr.) MBh. Hariv. R. ; held or linked or woven or sewn or strung together, dense, continuous, uninterrupted, lasting, eternal (ibc.or am ind. “continually, uninterruptedly, incessantly”) ŚBr. &c. &c. ; ► p. 1141c

sáṃ-tatam, ind., see saṃtata , “continually, uninterruptedly, incessantly” ► p. 1141c

==3、vṛt==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 vṛt

【对译词】

〈藏〉 'dug pa

【释义】［动1Ā］ vartate 存在，处于，发生，活动，转动，从事。〔古〕轉。

【例句】

《那罗传》：

yeṣām ahaṃ lokakṛtām īśvarāṇāṃ mahātmanām |

na pādarajasā tulyo manas te teṣu vartatām ||

我连这些创世大神脚上的尘土都不如，你的心意转向他们吧。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

vṛ́t 1., (ifc.; for 2. See ► p. 1009b) surrounding, enclosing, obstructing (See arṇo- and nadī-vṛt) ; a troop of followers or soldiers, army, host RV. ► p. 1007b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

vṛt 1., cl.1 Ā. (Dhātup. xviii, 19) vártate (rarely °ti; in Veda also vavartti and [once in RV.] vartti; Subj. vavártat, vavartati, vavṛtat; Pot. vavṛtyāt, vavṛtīya; Impv. vavṛtsva; impf. ávavṛtran, °tranta; pf. vavárta, vavṛtús, vavṛté RV. [here also vāvṛté] &c. &c.; aor. avart, avṛtran Subj. vártat, vartta RV.; avṛtat AV. &c. &c.; avartiṣṭa Gr.; 3. pl. avṛtsata RV.; 2. sg. vartithās MBh.; Prec. vartiṣīṣṭa Gr.; fut. vartitā Gr.; vartsyáti,°te AV. &c.; vartiṣyati,°te MBh. &c.; Cond. avartsyat Br.; avartiṣyata Gr.; inf. -vṛ́te RV.; -vṛ́tas Br.; vartitum MBh. &c.; ind.p. vartitvā and vṛttvā Gr.; -vṛ́tya RV. &c. &c.; -vártam Br. &c.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) RV. &c. &c. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instr. “in a partic. way or manner”), take place, occur, be performed, come off Mn. MBh. &c. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na, “to be not in one's right mind;” with manasi or hṛdaye, “to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind;” with mūrdhni, “to be at the head of,” “to be of most importance;” kathaṃ vartate with nom. or kiṃ vartate with gen., “how is it with?”) ib. ; to live on, subsist by (instr. or ind.p.), ĀśvGṛ. MBh. &c. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām, “it is long since we went”) BhP. ; to depend on (loc.) R. ; to be in a partic. condition, be engaged in or occupied with (loc.), ĀPast. MBh. &c. ► p. 1009b ; to be intent on, attend to (dat.) R. ; to stand or be used in the sense of (loc.) Kāś. ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (loc. dat., or acc.; also with itarêtaram or parasparam, “mutually”) Mn. MBh. &c. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instr. or acc.) towards (loc. with parâjñayā, “to act under another's command;” with prajā-rūpeṇa, “to assume the form of a son;” with priyám, “to act kindly;” with svāni, “to mind one's own business;” kim idam vartase, “what are you doing there?”) ŚBr. Mn. MBh. &c. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dat.) Śukas. ; to be or exist or live at a partic. time, be alive or present (cf. vartamāna, vartiṣyamāṇa, and vartsyat, p.925) MBh. &c. &c. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atîtya vartante, “they continue to excel;” iti vartate me buddhiḥ, “such continues my opinion”) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes Pat. Kāś. ; to originate, arise from (abl.) or in (loc.) BhP. ; to become TBr. ; to associate with (saha) Pañcat. ; to have illicit intercourse with (loc.) R.: Caus. vartáyati (aor. avīvṛtat or avavartat; in TBr. also Ā. avavarti; inf. vartayádhyai RV.; Pass. vartyate Br.), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl RV. &c. &c. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill &c.) RV. R. Suśr. ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instr.), enter upon a course of conduct &c. (also with vṛttim or vṛttyā or vṛttena; with bhaikṣeṇa, “to live by begging”), conduct one's self, behave Mn. MBh. &c. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare MBh. Hariv. R. ; to begin to instruct (dat.) ŚāṅkhGṛ. ; to understand, know, learn BhP. ; to treat Car. ; (in law, with śiras or śīrṣam) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal Vishṇ. Yājñ. ; “to speak” or “to shine” (bhāṣârthe or bhāsârthe) Dhātup. xxxiii, 108: Desid. vívṛtsati, °te (RV. Br.), vivartiṣate (Pāṇ. 1-3, 92) , to wish to turn &c.: Intens. (Ved., rarely in later language) várvartti, varīvartti, varīvartyáte, varīvartate, p. várvṛtat and várvṛtāna impf. 3. sg. avarīvar, 3. pl. avarīvur (Gr. also varivartti, varī̆vṛtīti, varvṛtīti, varīvṛtyate), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail RV. ŚBr. Kāv. [cf. Lat. vertere ; Slav. vrǔtěti, vratiti ; Lith. vartýti ; Goth. waírthan ; Germ. werden ; Eng. -ward.] ► p. 1009a

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

vṛt 2., mfn. (only ifc., for 1. see ► p. 1007b) turning, moving, existing ; (after numerals) = “fold” (see eka-, tri-, su-vṛt) ; ► p. 1009b

vṛt, ind. finished, ended (a gram. term used only in the Dhātup. and signifying that a series of roots acted on by a rule and beginning with a root followed by ādi or prabhṛti, ends with the word preceding vṛt). ► p. 1009b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

vṛt 3., See √vāvṛt, ► p. 947a. ► p. 1010b

==4、ajīvita==

(参考5)

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

a-jīvita, n. non-existence, death. ► p. 10b

==5、jīvita==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 jīvita

【对译词】

〈藏〉 srog，gson pa，'tsho ba，'tsho ba'i yun

【释义】［过分］生活。

［中］生命，生活。〔古〕存活，命，身命，长壽，壽，净命。

【例句】［中］《那罗传》：

dharmajñāḥ pṛthivīpālās tyaktajīvitayodhinaḥ |

śastreṇa nidhanaṃ kāle ye gacchanty aparāṅmukhāḥ ||

知法的国王们是抛弃生命的勇士，于时带剑赴死而不顾。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

jīvitá, mfn. living Ragh. xii, 75 ; lived through (a period of time) W. ; (with or without punar) returned to life MBh. xii, 5686 Pañcat. Vet. ; enlivened, animated R. v, 66, 24 BhP. viii, 15, 3 ; ► p. 423b

jīvitá, n. a living being RV. i, 1 i 3, 6 ; life, iv, 54, 2 AV. vi, 134, 1 ŚBr. xiv &c. ; ► p. 423b

jīvitá, n. (ifc. f(ā). Kathās.) ; ► p. 423b

jīvitá, n. duration of life L. ; livelihood Hit. i, 4, 36 (v.l.) ; cf. a-. ► p. 423b

==6、sthita==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 sthita

【对译词】

〈藏〉 gnas，gnas pa，gnas par 'gyur ba，sdod pa，brtan pa，'greng ba

【释义】［过分］站立，停留，处于，固定，确立，坚定。〔古〕住，已住，安住，正安住，安住者，敦肃。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

sthita, sthiti &c. See p.1264. ► p. 1265b

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

sthitá, mfn. standing (as opp. to “going,” “sitting,” or “lying;” parasparaṃ sthitam, “standing opposed to each other;” sthitaṃ tena, “it was stood by him” = “he waited”) Mn. MBh. &c. ; standing firm (yuddhe, “in battle”) Hariv. ; standing, staying, situated, resting or abiding or remaining in (loc. or comp.; with uccâvaceṣu, “abiding in things high and low;” with anityam, “not remaining permanently,” “staying only a short time”) KātyŚr. Mn. MBh. &c. ; being or remaining or keeping in any state or condition (loc., instr. abl. comp., or a noun in the same case, also ind.p. or adv.; vyāpya sthitaḥ, “he keeps continually pervading” Śak. Vikr.; upaviśya sthitaḥ, “he remains sitting” Vikr.; kathaṃ sthitâsi, “how did you fare?” Vikr. ► p. 1264b; evaṃ sthite, “it being so” Pañc.; puraḥ sthite, “it being imminent”) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; engaged in, occupied with, intent upon, engrossed by, devoted or addicted to (loc. or comp.), performing, protecting Mn. MBh. &c. ; abiding by, conforming to, following (loc.) ib. ; being in office or charge Pañcat. Rājat. ; adhering to or keeping with (loc.) Hariv. ; lasting RPrāt. ; firm, constant, invariable Kathās. ; settled, ascertained, decreed, established, generally accepted ŚBr. &c. &c. ; fixed upon, determined Śak. ; firmly convinced or persuaded MBh. Subh. ; firmly resolved to (inf. or loc.) MBh. R. &c. ; faithful to a promise or agreement L.: upright, virtuous L. ; prepared for or to (dat.) Yājñ. Kum. ; being there, existing, present, close at hand, ready (sthito hy eṣaḥ, “I myself am ready;” agraje sthite, “when the elder brother is there”) Mn. MBh. &c. ; belonging to (gen.) R. ; turned or directed to, fixed upon (loc. or comp.) VarBṛS. Sarvad. ; resting or depending on (loc.) MBh. R. &c. ; leading or conducive to (dat.) Pañcat. ; one who has desisted or ceased Pañcad. ; left over L. ; (in Vedic gram.) not accompanied by iti (in the Pada-pāṭha) , standing alone (pade sthite, “in the Pada text”) Prāt. ; ► p. 1264b

sthitá, n. standing still, stopping Bhartṛ. ; staying, remaining, abiding R. ; manner of standing ib. ; perseverance on the right path ib. ► p. 1264b

==7、punar==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 punar

【对译词】

〈藏〉 phyir，kyang，yang na，gzhan yang

【释义】［不变］又，再次，然而。〔古〕復，更，或。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

púnar, ind. back, home, in an opposite direction RV. &c. &c. (with √ 1. gam, yā, to go back or away; with √ dā, to give back, restore; with √ bhū, to turn round; with √ as and dat., to fall back upon) ; again, once more (also with bhūyas) ib. (with √ bhū, to exist again, be renewed, become a wife again, re-marry) ; again and again, repeatedly ib. (mostly púnaḥ p° which with na = nevermore) ; further, moreover, besides ib. (also punar aparam; ādau-punar-paścāt, at first-then-later) ; however, still, nevertheless MBh. Kāv. &c. (at the end of a verse it lays stress on a preceding atha vā, api vā, or vā alone; punar api, even again, on the other hand, also; kadā p°, at any time, ever; kim p°, how much more or less? however; punar-punar, now-now; at one time - at another time). ► p. 633b

==8、gati==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 gati

【对译词】

〈藏〉 bgrod pa，'jug pa，'gro ba

【释义】［阴］ ❶ 行进，进入，脚步。 ❷ 途径，去向，命运。 ❸ 到达，获得，位置，范围。〔古〕趣，行，所行，往來，往游涉。MIA gatīhi loc.pl. Mvu. ṣaṭsu gatīhi。（近义saṃcāra/prasara）

【例句】《世道百咏》34：dānaṃ bhogo nāśas tisro gatayo bhavanti vittasya |

yo na dadāti na bhuṅkte tasya tṛtīyā gatir bhavati ||

‹金克木› 施舍、受用与散失，钱财有三条去路；

若不施舍又不享受，它只剩下第三途。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

gáti, f. going, moving, gait, deportment, motion in general RV. v, 64, 3 VS. TS. &c. ; manner or power of going ; going away Yājñ. iii, 170 ; procession, march, passage, procedure, progress, movement (e.g. astra-g°, the going or flying of missile weapons R. v; parāṃ gatiṃ-√gam, “to go the last way,” to die; daiva-g°, the course of fate R. vi Megh. 93; kāvyasya g°, the progress or course of a poem R. i, 3, 2) ; arriving at, obtaining (with gen. loc., or ifc.) ŚBr. ix MBh. &c. ; acting accordingly, obeisance towards (loc.) Āp. i, 13 f. ; path, way, course (e.g. anyatarāṃ gatiṃ-√gam, “to go either way,” to recover or die ĀśvŚr.) R. Bhag. &c. ; a certain division of the moon's path and the position of the planet in it (the diurnal motion of a planet in its orbit?) VarBṛS. ; issue Bhag. iv, 29 ; running wound or sore Suśr. ; place of issue, origin, reason ChUp. i, 8, 4 f. Mn. i, 110 R. Mudr. ; possibility, expedient, means Yājñ. i, 345 R. i Mālav. &c. ; a means of success ; way or art, method of acting, stratagem R. iii, vi ; refuge, resource Mn. viii, 84 R. Kathās. Vet. iv, 20 ; cf. RTL. p.260 ; the position (of a child at birth) Suśr. ; state, condition, situation, proportion, mode of existence KaṭhUp. iii, 11 Bhag. Pañcat. &c. ; a happy issue ; happiness MBh. iii, 17398 ; the course of the soul through numerous forms of life, metempsychosis, condition of a person undergoing this migration Mn. Yājñ. MBh. &c. ; manner ĀśvGṛ. i Sch. ; the being understood or meant Pat. ; (in gram.) a term for prepositions and some other adverbial prefixes (such as alam &c.) when immediately connected with the tenses of a verb or with verbal derivatives (cf. karmapravacanīya) Pāṇ. 1-4, 60 ff.; vi, 2, 49 ff. and 139; viii, 1, 70 f. ; a kind of rhetorical figure Sarasv. ii, 2 ; a particular high number Buddh. ; “Motion” (personified as a daughter of Kardama and wife of Pulaha) BhP. i, v, 1 ; ► p. 347c

gáti, m. N. of a son of Anala Hariv. i, 3, 43. ► p. 347c

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

gati, f., (1) (= Pali id.) state of existence into which rebirth is possible; destiny, (future) state. As in Pali, there are normally five: hell (naraka, niraya; nairayika), animals (tiryak, tiryagyoni, tiryaggata), ghosts (preta, yamaloka, °kika), gods, men; or six, with addition of asuras. The first three are evil, durgati (tisṛṇāṃ durgatīnāṃ SP 260.8, listed 9), or apāya, q.v. A brief summary of the 5 or 6 gati in LaVallée Poussin, AbhidhK. iii.ll. Lists of 5, Samādh 19.17; Divy 300.10-11; 301.20; of 6, Dharmas 57; SP 244.12-14; without listing, aniṣṭa-gati-( = dur-gati)-traya-, and abhimata-gati-dvaya- (= gods and men), Av i.244.14; pañca-gati- SP 131.16; LV 173.16; ṣaḍgati-, v.l. pañcagati-, SP 135.14, ṣaṭsu gatiṣu, or (vss) ṣaṭsū gatīṣū, gatīṣu ṣaṭsū, SP 6.9; 9.6; 48.3; 54.11; ṣaṭsu gatīhi (loc.!) Mv i.42.17 (vs); ṣaṭsu gatiṣu 337.5 (prose); six also Mv ii.368.12 (text uncertain); existence even in the relatively favorable states is still evil, cf. SP 48.3 ṣaṭsū gatīṣū parikhidyamānāḥ; in Śikṣ 147.14 a totally different list of four (evil) gati is given, viz. (1) akṣaṇa-gati (see s.v. akṣaṇa), (2) going to a Buddha-field which contains no Buddha, (3) birth in a heretical family, (4) sarvadurgati-gati; (2) a high number: Mvy 7800; 7930 (cited from Gv); 8026; Gv 106.20; 134.5; (3) in gatiṃ-gata, q.v., perhaps to be taken in the sense of understanding, comprehension, knowledge; Tib. in this cpd. renders rtogs pa, understanding, and uses the same translation when gati is associated with such words as smṛti, mati, as in LV 8.2 smṛti-mati-gati-dhṛty-uttapta-; see s.v. gatima(nt). See next two.

► p. 208-209

==9、līnatva==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 līnatva

【对译词】

〈藏〉 zhum pa nyid，bying nyid

【释义】〔古〕下劣性，下劣。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

līna-tva, n. (ifc.) sticking or concealment in, Suśr. ► p. 903b

==10、caturvidha==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 caturvidha

【对译词】

〈藏〉 rnam pa bzhi，rnam pa bzhi po

【释义】〔古〕四種。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

cátur-vidha, mfn. (cát°) fourfold, of 4 sorts or kinds ŚBr. vii ŚāṅkhŚr. Mn. &c. ; ► p. 385a

cátur-vidham, ind. (am) in 4 ways MBh. v, 1118 (ŚārṅgP.) ► p. 385a

=Sarvābhāvād abhāvasya sadbhāvān nābhilāpyataḥ | abhilāpaprayogāc ca dharmasaṃjñā caturvidhā ||13||=

==1、sarva==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 sarva

【对译词】

〈巴〉 sabba

〈藏〉 thams cad

【释义】［形］全部，所有，一切。皆，众，诸，一切，一切皆。

【变形】

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

sárva, mf(ā)n. (perhaps connected with sāra q.v.; inflected as a pronoun except nom. acc. sg. n. sarvam, and serving as a model for a series of pronominals cf. sarva-nāman) whole, entire, all, every (m. sg. “every one;” pl. “all;” n. sg. “everything;” sometimes strengthened by viśva [which if alone in RV. appears in the meaning “all,” “every,” “every one”] and nikhila; sarve'pi, “all together;” sarvaḥ ko'pi, “every one so ever;” gavāṃ sarvam, “all that comes from cows;” sarva with a negation = “not any,” “no,” “none” or “not every one,” “not everything”) RV. &c. &c. ; of all sorts, manifold, various, different MBh. &c. ; (with another adjective or in comp.; cf. below) altogether, wholly, completely, in all parts, everywhere RV. ChUp. &c. ; ► p. 1184c

sárvam, ind. (with sarveṇa) completely Divyâv. ; ► p. 1184c

sárva, m. (declined like a subst.) N. of Śiva MBh. ; of Kṛishṇa Bhag. ; of a Muni Cat. ; pl. N. of a people MārkP. ; ► p. 1184c

sárva, n. water Naigh. i, 12. [cf. Gk. $ for $ Lat. salvus.] ► p. 1185a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

sarva (Skt.), all; adv. forms, esp. sarveṇa (noted by itself as adv. only in Mv i.90.6, all mss., Senart em. sarve te, wrongly), altogether; this is commonly emphasized by addition of a variety of other adv. forms in mg. ab-solutely altogether, in the most complete way: esp. sarveṇa sarvam (= Pali sabbena sabbaṃ) SP 321.8; LV 255.18; Mvy 6405; Mv ii.260.6, 7; 261.8; iii.223.6, 8; Divy 39.1; 105.7; 270.11; 502.22; Śikṣ 349.11; Mmk 400.5; 561.17; Dbh. 39.26; Bbh 324.1; in Mv i.126.8 prob. read sarveṇa sarvaṃ (ed. with mss. sarva-)śūnyaṃ; sarveṇa sarvaṃ sarvathā SP 77.7; Bbh 11.19; sarvathā sarvaṃ (= Pali sabbathā sabbaṃ) Mvy 6406 (follows 6405, above); sar-veṇa sarvaṃ sarvathā sarvaṃ Śikṣ 349.20; 350.7, 13; Laṅk 255.4; Suv 169.1, 6; AsP 25.13 et al.; sarveṇa sarvaḥ (read sarvaṃ) sarvathā sarvaṃ sarvadā Śikṣ 9.13, see note p. 395, which cites Bcp. as reading in the same passage sarveṇa sarvaṃ sarvathā, only. See also sarvehi and sarvatratāye.

► p. 583

==2、sadbhāva==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 sadbhāva

【对译词】

〈藏〉 yod pa，dngos po yod pa，mnga' ba

【释义】［阳］ ❶ 真情，亲情。❷ 实有。〔古〕有，實是有。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

sad-bhāva, m. real being, existence Bhag. R. MārkP. &c. ; the being true, truth, real state of things (śāstra-bh°, “the true purport of a work”) MBh. VarBṛS. BrahmaP. &c. ; the quality of goodness W. ; uprightness GāruḍaP. ; goodness, kindness, affection for (prati), faithfulness MBh. Kāv. Kathās. &c. ► p. 1137b

==3、abhilāpya==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 abhilāpya

【对译词】

〈藏〉 brjod pa

【释义】［］〔古〕可言説，所言説。

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

abhilāpya (rare except in neg. anabhi°, nirabhi°, qq.v.), expressible, that can be put in words: Bbh 265.16 °pya-vastu; 20 °pyāḥ svabhāvā dharmāṇām. In the prose Introduction to Bhad, line 2, Watanabe reads paraṃ-parābhilāpyānabhilāpya-buddhakṣetra-, but the true read-ing is paraṃparānabhilāpyānabhi° with v.l. and Gv 543.6; see anabhilāpyānabhilāpya.

► p. 56

==4、caturvidha==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 caturvidha

【对译词】

〈藏〉 rnam pa bzhi，rnam pa bzhi po

【释义】〔古〕四種。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

cátur-vidha, mfn. (cát°) fourfold, of 4 sorts or kinds ŚBr. vii ŚāṅkhŚr. Mn. &c. ; ► p. 385a

cátur-vidham, ind. (am) in 4 ways MBh. v, 1118 (ŚārṅgP.) ► p. 385a

=adhimuktivaśāt teṣāṃ bhūtasaṃjñā prasādataḥ | yathārutāgrahāt saṃyagdeśitatvasya codgrahāt ||14||=

==1、adhimukti==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 adhi-mukti

【对译词】

〈巴〉 adhimutti

【词根来源】 √muc

【释义】［阴］确信，坚信。〔古〕勝解，信解。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

adhi-mukti, f. propensity ; confidence. ► p. 21c

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】

adhimukti, f. ( = Pali adhimutti; to adhimucyate), (1) strong inclination, attachment; earnest, zealous application; Tib. mos pa (Jäschke, to be pleased, la with; to wish, to have a mind; to take pleasure in, to rejoice at; as substantive pleasure, satisfaction, esteem; also to respect, to esteem, to respect with devotion, to revere, to adore); La V-P. AbhidhK. Index = ruci; cf. Bbh 95.12-13 kathaṃ ca bodhisattvo 'dhimuktibahulo bhavati? iha bodhisattvo 'ṣṭavidhe 'dhimuktyadhiṣṭhāne śraddhāprasādapūrvakeṇa niścayena rucyā samanvāgato bhavati. (Other alleged meanings, as croyance Lévi Sūtrāl. i.13 note 1; confiance, Burnouf; good will, Kern, in translation of SP; etc., are not supported by BHS usage, except as under 2, below.) It may be (but rarely is) applied to (a) non-religious objects: sa ca puruṣas (the father) teṣāṃ kumārakāṇām (his ignorant sons) āśayajño bhaved, adhimuktiṃ ca vijānīyāt, SP 73.14-15, ... and he understands their inclinations, what they are interested in. But usually the object is related to (b) a religious aim. It may be specified, syntactically (in the loc), as in yaṃ ... sugataḥ prabhāṣate, adhimuktisaṃ-panna bhavāhi tatra SP 32.15, what the Buddha soys, be perfect in zealous application to that. Usually it is not so specifically stated, tho the context is apt to suggest that it is zealous cultivation (study or propagation) of sacred texts or religious instruction that is meant (note-that the object of the verb adhimucyate is commonly some-thing of this sort); cf. e. g. -lokaṃ yathādhimuktyā (according to their [varying types or degrees of] zeal or application) subhāṣitena saṃtoṣayantam LV 160.17; adhimuktisāro yo syād ... saḥ, puṇyaṃ labheta yo etaṃ (most mss.) sūtraṃ vācel likheta vā SP 342.3-4. And this is probably meant as a rule when the context gives no special clue, as in many of the following: SP 6.13; 31.6; 93.9; 125.8, 235.10; 274.10; LV 10.11; 182.20; 432.8; Mvy 856; Samādh 22.43; RP 20.5; Bhad 7,48; Bbh 195.12; anadhimukti, lack of (religious) zeal RP 19.18; 35.4; various gods in Mv ii.309.14 ff. see the bodhi-tree svakāye adhmuktīye, according to their tastes, inclinations, interests (Senart suivant l'inclination de chaenn) as made of variousprecious materials; one of the ten bala of a tathāgata is nānādhimuktijñānabala Mvy 122 (and cf. Mv i.159.15 adhimuktinānātvaṃ vetti, as one of the ten bala); adhi-muktivaśitā Mvy 776, one of the 10 vaśitā of a Bodhisattva; yathādhimuktyā, adv., LV 160.17 (above) and 179.17; hīnādhimukti, attachment to low ends, SP 115.12 (cf. hīnādhimukta, °tika, s.vv. adhimukta, °tika); (in LV 294.4 for vidyādhimuktiprabhaḥ read probably vidyāvi-mukti°, having the splendor of (true) knowledge and emancipation, so Tib., rnam par grol ba = vimukti); (2) magic transformation, in adhimukti-balena LV 385.5, see s.v. adhimucyate (2), and adhitiṣṭhati, end.

► p. 14

==2、vaśa==

梵汉词汇表

【析词】 vaśa

【对译词】

〈藏〉 dbang

【释义】［形］隶属的，服从的，着迷的，（复合后词），控制。

［阳、中］愿望，控制，约束。

〔古〕力，自在。

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

vaśa 2., n. (cf. vasā) liquid fat, grease AV. AitBr. Kāṭh. ► p. 929c

M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899

【释义】

váśa 1., m. will, wish, desire RV. &c. &c. (also pl. váśān ánu or ánu váśa, “according to wish or will, at pleasure”) ; authority, power, control, dominion (in AV. personified) ib. (acc. with verbs of going e.g. with √ i, anu-√i, √ gam, ā-√gam, √ ya, ā-√pad, ā-√sthā &c., “to fall into a person's [gen.] power, become subject or give way to;” acc. with √ nī, ā-√nī and pra-√yuj, or loc. with √ kṛ, √ labh or Caus. of √ sthā or saṃ-√sthā, “to reduce to subjection, subdue;” loc. with √ bhū, √ vṛt, √ sthā and saṃ-√sthā, “to be in a person's [gen.] power;” vaśena,°śāt,and°śa-taḥ, with gen. or ifc., “by command of, by force of, on account of, by means of, according to”) ; birth, origin L. ; a brothel L. (cf. veśa) ; Carissa Carandas L. ; the son of a Vaiśya and a Karaṇī L. ; N. of a Ṛishi preserved by the Aśvins RV. ; (with aśvya) of the supposed author of RV. viii, 46 (in ŚBr. &c. also of this hymn itself) ; = vālmīki Gal. ; pl. N. of a people AitBr. MBh. ; ► p. 929a

váśā, f. See below ; ► p. 929a

váśa, mf(ā)n. willing, submissive, obedient, subject to or dependent on (gen.) Kathās. BhP. Pañcat. ; docile L. ; free, licentious L. ► p. 929a

Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953

【释义】 vaśa, m.; app. as an extension of the Skt. use of -vaśena, -vaśāt, on account of, for the sake of, by reason of (so very often BHS, e. g. vaineya-vaśena, for the sake or purpose of conversion, SP 319.1; Mv i.238.8; 307.9; 312.5), we have first a periphrasis of -vaśena by -vaśam upādāya, SP 320.4; Gv 206.5, see s.v. upādāya (1d), adopting the purpose of.. .; so that vaśa seems to acquire a mg. (for which I have found no exact parallel elsewhere) basis, motivation, (controlling) motive, as in: sa imam arthavaśaṃ saṃpaśyan Śikṣ 22.3, he, perceiving this basis (motiimtion) of (his) aim, i.e. perceiving that the processes just described have their aim thus based or motivated.

► p. 473

@@ 第3,082行： / 第3,082行： @@
 ► p. 358
-==7、
+==7、adha==
+？？？
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+ádha, or ádhā ind., Ved. (= átha, used chiefly as an inceptive particle), now, then, therefore, moreover, so much the more, and, partly. ádha—ádha, as well as, partly partly. ► p. 19c
+Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953
+【释义】
+[adha, text in Sukh 22.8 (vs) -adha nānaprabhūta-, erroneously; read adhanāna (= °nānāṃ) prabhūta-.]
+► p. 12
+=pṛthagbhāvena saṃtatyā vṛtter ājīvitasthiteḥ | punaś ca gatilīnatvād ātmasaṃjñā caturvidhā ||12||=
+==1、pṛthagbhāva==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 pṛthagbhāva
+【释义】 ［阳］ 异相，异有。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+pṛthag-bhāva, m. separate state or condition, difference, distinctness, individuality KaṭhUp. MBh. &c. ► p. 646a
+==2、saṃtata==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 saṃtata
+【释义】 ［过分］ 延伸，连续。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+sáṃ-tata, mfn. (cf. sa-tata) stretched or extended along, spread over (loc.) PraśnUp ; covered with (instr.) MBh. Hariv. R. ; held or linked or woven or sewn or strung together, dense, continuous, uninterrupted, lasting, eternal (ibc.or am ind. “continually, uninterruptedly, incessantly”) ŚBr. &c. &c. ; ► p. 1141c
+sáṃ-tatam, ind., see saṃtata , “continually, uninterruptedly, incessantly” ► p. 1141c
+==3、vṛt==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 vṛt
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	'dug pa
+【释义】 ［动1Ā］ vartate 存在，处于，发生，活动，转动，从事。〔古〕 轉。
+【例句】
+《那罗传》：
+yeṣām ahaṃ lokakṛtām īśvarāṇāṃ mahātmanām |
+na pādarajasā tulyo manas te teṣu vartatām ||
+我连这些创世大神脚上的尘土都不如，你的心意转向他们吧。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+vṛ́t 1., (ifc.; for 2. See ► p. 1009b) surrounding, enclosing, obstructing (See arṇo- and nadī-vṛt) ; a troop of followers or soldiers, army, host RV. ► p. 1007b
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+vṛt 1., cl.1 Ā. (Dhātup. xviii, 19) vártate (rarely °ti; in Veda also vavartti and [once in RV.] vartti; Subj. vavártat, vavartati, vavṛtat; Pot. vavṛtyāt, vavṛtīya; Impv. vavṛtsva; impf. ávavṛtran, °tranta; pf. vavárta, vavṛtús, vavṛté RV. [here also vāvṛté] &c. &c.; aor. avart, avṛtran Subj. vártat, vartta RV.; avṛtat AV. &c. &c.; avartiṣṭa Gr.; 3. pl. avṛtsata RV.; 2. sg. vartithās MBh.; Prec. vartiṣīṣṭa Gr.; fut. vartitā Gr.; vartsyáti,°te AV. &c.; vartiṣyati,°te MBh. &c.; Cond. avartsyat Br.; avartiṣyata Gr.; inf. -vṛ́te RV.; -vṛ́tas Br.; vartitum MBh. &c.; ind.p. vartitvā and vṛttvā Gr.; -vṛ́tya RV. &c. &c.; -vártam Br. &c.), to turn, turn round, revolve, roll (also applied to the rolling down of tears) RV. &c. &c. ; to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed (with instr. “in a partic. way or manner”), take place, occur, be performed, come off Mn. MBh. &c. ; to be, live, exist, be found, remain, stay, abide, dwell (with ātmani na, “to be not in one's right mind;” with manasi or hṛdaye, “to dwell or be turned or thought over in the mind;” with mūrdhni, “to be at the head of,” “to be of most importance;” kathaṃ vartate with nom. or kiṃ vartate with gen., “how is it with?”) ib. ; to live on, subsist by (instr. or ind.p.), ĀśvGṛ. MBh. &c. ; to pass away (as time, ciraṃ vartate gatānām, “it is long since we went”) BhP. ; to depend on (loc.) R. ; to be in a partic. condition, be engaged in or occupied with (loc.), ĀPast. MBh. &c. ► p. 1009b ; to be intent on, attend to (dat.) R. ; to stand or be used in the sense of (loc.) Kāś. ; to act, conduct one's self, behave towards (loc. dat., or acc.; also with itarêtaram or parasparam, “mutually”) Mn. MBh. &c. ; to act or deal with, follow a course of conduct (also with vṛttim), show, display, employ, use, act in any way (instr. or acc.) towards (loc. with parâjñayā, “to act under another's command;” with prajā-rūpeṇa, “to assume the form of a son;” with priyám, “to act kindly;” with svāni, “to mind one's own business;” kim idam vartase, “what are you doing there?”) ŚBr. Mn. MBh. &c. ; to tend or turn to, prove as (dat.) Śukas. ; to be or exist or live at a partic. time, be alive or present (cf. vartamāna, vartiṣyamāṇa, and vartsyat, p.925) MBh. &c. &c. ; to continue (with an ind.p., atîtya vartante, “they continue to excel;” iti vartate me buddhiḥ, “such continues my opinion”) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; to hold good, continue in force, be supplied from what precedes Pat. Kāś. ; to originate, arise from (abl.) or in (loc.) BhP. ; to become TBr. ; to associate with (saha) Pañcat. ; to have illicit intercourse with (loc.) R.: Caus. vartáyati (aor. avīvṛtat or avavartat; in TBr. also Ā. avavarti; inf. vartayádhyai RV.; Pass. vartyate Br.), to cause to turn or revolve, whirl, wave, brandish, hurl RV. &c. &c. ; to produce with a turning-lathe, make anything round (as a thunderbolt, a pill &c.) RV. R. Suśr. ; to cause to proceed or take place or be or exist, do, perform, accomplish, display, exhibit (feelings), raise or utter (a cry), shed (tears) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; to cause to pass (as time), spend, pass, lead a life, live, subsist on or by (instr.), enter upon a course of conduct &c. (also with vṛttim or vṛttyā or vṛttena; with bhaikṣeṇa, “to live by begging”), conduct one's self, behave Mn. MBh. &c. ; to set forth, relate, recount, explain, declare MBh. Hariv. R. ; to begin to instruct (dat.) ŚāṅkhGṛ. ; to understand, know, learn BhP. ; to treat Car. ; (in law, with śiras or śīrṣam) to offer one's self to be punished if another is proved innocent by an ordeal Vishṇ. Yājñ. ; “to speak” or “to shine” (bhāṣârthe or bhāsârthe) Dhātup. xxxiii, 108: Desid. vívṛtsati, °te (RV. Br.), vivartiṣate (Pāṇ. 1-3, 92) , to wish to turn &c.: Intens. (Ved., rarely in later language) várvartti, varīvartti, varīvartyáte, varīvartate, p. várvṛtat and várvṛtāna impf. 3. sg. avarīvar, 3. pl. avarīvur (Gr. also varivartti, varī̆vṛtīti, varvṛtīti, varīvṛtyate), to turn, roll, revolve, be, exist, prevail RV. ŚBr. Kāv. [cf. Lat. vertere ; Slav. vrǔtěti, vratiti ; Lith. vartýti ; Goth. waírthan ; Germ. werden ; Eng. -ward.] ► p. 1009a
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+vṛt 2., mfn. (only ifc., for 1. see ► p. 1007b) turning, moving, existing ; (after numerals) = “fold” (see eka-, tri-, su-vṛt) ; ► p. 1009b
+vṛt, ind. finished, ended (a gram. term used only in the Dhātup. and signifying that a series of roots acted on by a rule and beginning with a root followed by ādi or prabhṛti, ends with the word preceding vṛt). ► p. 1009b
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+vṛt 3., See √vāvṛt, ► p. 947a. ► p. 1010b
+==4、ajīvita==
+(参考5)
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+a-jīvita, n. non-existence, death. ► p. 10b
+==5、jīvita==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 jīvita
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	srog，gson pa，'tsho ba，'tsho ba'i yun
+【释义】 ［过分］ 生活。
+［中］ 生命，生活。〔古〕 存活，命，身命，长壽，壽，净命。
+【例句】 ［中］ 《那罗传》：
+dharmajñāḥ pṛthivīpālās tyaktajīvitayodhinaḥ |
+śastreṇa nidhanaṃ kāle ye gacchanty aparāṅmukhāḥ ||
+知法的国王们是抛弃生命的勇士，于时带剑赴死而不顾。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+jīvitá, mfn. living Ragh. xii, 75 ; lived through (a period of time) W. ; (with or without punar) returned to life MBh. xii, 5686 Pañcat. Vet. ; enlivened, animated R. v, 66, 24 BhP. viii, 15, 3 ; ► p. 423b
+jīvitá, n. a living being RV. i, 1 i 3, 6 ; life, iv, 54, 2 AV. vi, 134, 1 ŚBr. xiv &c. ; ► p. 423b
+jīvitá, n. (ifc. f(ā). Kathās.) ; ► p. 423b
+jīvitá, n. duration of life L. ; livelihood Hit. i, 4, 36 (v.l.) ; cf. a-. ► p. 423b
+==6、sthita==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 sthita
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	gnas，gnas pa，gnas par 'gyur ba，sdod pa，brtan pa，'greng ba
+【释义】 ［过分］ 站立，停留，处于，固定，确立，坚定。〔古〕 住，已住，安住，正安住，安住者，敦肃。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+sthita, sthiti &c. See p.1264. ► p. 1265b
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+sthitá, mfn. standing (as opp. to “going,” “sitting,” or “lying;” parasparaṃ sthitam, “standing opposed to each other;” sthitaṃ tena, “it was stood by him” = “he waited”) Mn. MBh. &c. ; standing firm (yuddhe, “in battle”) Hariv. ; standing, staying, situated, resting or abiding or remaining in (loc. or comp.; with uccâvaceṣu, “abiding in things high and low;” with anityam, “not remaining permanently,” “staying only a short time”) KātyŚr. Mn. MBh. &c. ; being or remaining or keeping in any state or condition (loc., instr. abl. comp., or a noun in the same case, also ind.p. or adv.; vyāpya sthitaḥ, “he keeps continually pervading” Śak. Vikr.; upaviśya sthitaḥ, “he remains sitting” Vikr.; kathaṃ sthitâsi, “how did you fare?” Vikr. ► p. 1264b; evaṃ sthite, “it being so” Pañc.; puraḥ sthite, “it being imminent”) MBh. Kāv. &c. ; engaged in, occupied with, intent upon, engrossed by, devoted or addicted to (loc. or comp.), performing, protecting Mn. MBh. &c. ; abiding by, conforming to, following (loc.) ib. ; being in office or charge Pañcat. Rājat. ; adhering to or keeping with (loc.) Hariv. ; lasting RPrāt. ; firm, constant, invariable Kathās. ; settled, ascertained, decreed, established, generally accepted ŚBr. &c. &c. ; fixed upon, determined Śak. ; firmly convinced or persuaded MBh. Subh. ; firmly resolved to (inf. or loc.) MBh. R. &c. ; faithful to a promise or agreement L.: upright, virtuous L. ; prepared for or to (dat.) Yājñ. Kum. ; being there, existing, present, close at hand, ready (sthito hy eṣaḥ, “I myself am ready;” agraje sthite, “when the elder brother is there”) Mn. MBh. &c. ; belonging to (gen.) R. ; turned or directed to, fixed upon (loc. or comp.) VarBṛS. Sarvad. ; resting or depending on (loc.) MBh. R. &c. ; leading or conducive to (dat.) Pañcat. ; one who has desisted or ceased Pañcad. ; left over L. ; (in Vedic gram.) not accompanied by iti (in the Pada-pāṭha) , standing alone (pade sthite, “in the Pada text”) Prāt. ; ► p. 1264b
+sthitá, n. standing still, stopping Bhartṛ. ; staying, remaining, abiding R. ; manner of standing ib. ; perseverance on the right path ib. ► p. 1264b
+==7、punar==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 punar
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	phyir，kyang，yang na，gzhan yang
+【释义】 ［不变］ 又，再次，然而。〔古〕 復，更，或。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+púnar, ind. back, home, in an opposite direction RV. &c. &c. (with √ 1. gam, yā, to go back or away; with √ dā, to give back, restore; with √ bhū, to turn round; with √ as and dat., to fall back upon) ; again, once more (also with bhūyas) ib. (with √ bhū, to exist again, be renewed, become a wife again, re-marry) ; again and again, repeatedly ib. (mostly púnaḥ p° which with na = nevermore) ; further, moreover, besides ib. (also punar aparam; ādau-punar-paścāt, at first-then-later) ; however, still, nevertheless MBh. Kāv. &c. (at the end of a verse it lays stress on a preceding atha vā, api vā, or vā alone; punar api, even again, on the other hand, also; kadā p°, at any time, ever; kim p°, how much more or less? however; punar-punar, now-now; at one time - at another time). ► p. 633b
+==8、gati==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 gati
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	bgrod pa，'jug pa，'gro ba
+【释义】 ［阴］ ❶ 行进，进入，脚步。 ❷ 途径，去向，命运。 ❸ 到达，获得，位置，范围。〔古〕 趣，行，所行，往來，往游涉。MIA gatīhi loc.pl. Mvu. ṣaṭsu gatīhi。（近义saṃcāra/prasara）
+【例句】 《世道百咏》34：dānaṃ bhogo nāśas tisro gatayo bhavanti vittasya |
+yo na dadāti na bhuṅkte tasya tṛtīyā gatir bhavati ||
+‹金克木› 施舍、受用与散失，钱财有三条去路；
+若不施舍又不享受，它只剩下第三途。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+gáti, f. going, moving, gait, deportment, motion in general RV. v, 64, 3 VS. TS. &c. ; manner or power of going ; going away Yājñ. iii, 170 ; procession, march, passage, procedure, progress, movement (e.g. astra-g°, the going or flying of missile weapons R. v; parāṃ gatiṃ-√gam, “to go the last way,” to die; daiva-g°, the course of fate R. vi Megh. 93; kāvyasya g°, the progress or course of a poem R. i, 3, 2) ; arriving at, obtaining (with gen. loc., or ifc.) ŚBr. ix MBh. &c. ; acting accordingly, obeisance towards (loc.) Āp. i, 13 f. ; path, way, course (e.g. anyatarāṃ gatiṃ-√gam, “to go either way,” to recover or die ĀśvŚr.) R. Bhag. &c. ; a certain division of the moon's path and the position of the planet in it (the diurnal motion of a planet in its orbit?) VarBṛS. ; issue Bhag. iv, 29 ; running wound or sore Suśr. ; place of issue, origin, reason ChUp. i, 8, 4 f. Mn. i, 110 R. Mudr. ; possibility, expedient, means Yājñ. i, 345 R. i Mālav. &c. ; a means of success ; way or art, method of acting, stratagem R. iii, vi ; refuge, resource Mn. viii, 84 R. Kathās. Vet. iv, 20 ; cf. RTL. p.260 ; the position (of a child at birth) Suśr. ; state, condition, situation, proportion, mode of existence KaṭhUp. iii, 11 Bhag. Pañcat. &c. ; a happy issue ; happiness MBh. iii, 17398 ; the course of the soul through numerous forms of life, metempsychosis, condition of a person undergoing this migration Mn. Yājñ. MBh. &c. ; manner ĀśvGṛ. i Sch. ; the being understood or meant Pat. ; (in gram.) a term for prepositions and some other adverbial prefixes (such as alam &c.) when immediately connected with the tenses of a verb or with verbal derivatives (cf. karmapravacanīya) Pāṇ. 1-4, 60 ff.; vi, 2, 49 ff. and 139; viii, 1, 70 f. ; a kind of rhetorical figure Sarasv. ii, 2 ; a particular high number Buddh. ; “Motion” (personified as a daughter of Kardama and wife of Pulaha) BhP. i, v, 1 ; ► p. 347c
+gáti, m. N. of a son of Anala Hariv. i, 3, 43. ► p. 347c
+Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953
+【释义】
+gati, f., (1) (= Pali id.) state of existence into which rebirth is possible; destiny, (future) state. As in Pali, there are normally five: hell (naraka, niraya; nairayika), animals (tiryak, tiryagyoni, tiryaggata), ghosts (preta, yamaloka, °kika), gods, men; or six, with addition of asuras. The first three are evil, durgati (tisṛṇāṃ durgatīnāṃ SP 260.8, listed 9), or apāya, q.v. A brief summary of the 5 or 6 gati in LaVallée Poussin, AbhidhK. iii.ll. Lists of 5, Samādh 19.17; Divy 300.10-11; 301.20; of 6, Dharmas 57; SP 244.12-14; without listing, aniṣṭa-gati-( = dur-gati)-traya-, and abhimata-gati-dvaya- (= gods and men), Av i.244.14; pañca-gati- SP 131.16; LV 173.16; ṣaḍgati-, v.l. pañcagati-, SP 135.14, ṣaṭsu gatiṣu, or (vss) ṣaṭsū gatīṣū, gatīṣu ṣaṭsū, SP 6.9; 9.6; 48.3; 54.11; ṣaṭsu gatīhi (loc.!) Mv i.42.17 (vs); ṣaṭsu gatiṣu 337.5 (prose); six also Mv ii.368.12 (text uncertain); existence even in the relatively favorable states is still evil, cf. SP 48.3 ṣaṭsū gatīṣū parikhidyamānāḥ; in Śikṣ 147.14 a totally different list of four (evil) gati is given, viz. (1) akṣaṇa-gati (see s.v. akṣaṇa), (2) going to a Buddha-field which contains no Buddha, (3) birth in a heretical family, (4) sarvadurgati-gati; (2) a high number: Mvy 7800; 7930 (cited from Gv); 8026; Gv 106.20; 134.5; (3) in gatiṃ-gata, q.v., perhaps to be taken in the sense of understanding, comprehension, knowledge; Tib. in this cpd. renders rtogs pa, understanding, and uses the same translation when gati is associated with such words as smṛti, mati, as in LV 8.2 smṛti-mati-gati-dhṛty-uttapta-; see s.v. gatima(nt). See next two.
+► p. 208-209
+==9、līnatva==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 līnatva
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	zhum pa nyid，bying nyid
+【释义】 〔古〕下劣性，下劣 。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+līna-tva, n. (ifc.) sticking or concealment in, Suśr. ► p. 903b
+==10、caturvidha==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 caturvidha
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	rnam pa bzhi，rnam pa bzhi po
+【释义】 〔古〕四種。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+cátur-vidha, mfn. (cát°) fourfold, of 4 sorts or kinds ŚBr. vii ŚāṅkhŚr. Mn. &c. ; ► p. 385a
+cátur-vidham, ind. (am) in 4 ways MBh. v, 1118 (ŚārṅgP.) ► p. 385a
+=Sarvābhāvād abhāvasya sadbhāvān nābhilāpyataḥ | abhilāpaprayogāc ca dharmasaṃjñā caturvidhā ||13||=
+==1、sarva==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 sarva
+【对译词】
+〈巴〉	sabba
+〈藏〉	thams cad
+【释义】 ［形］ 全部，所有，一切。皆，众，诸，一切，一切皆。
+【变形】
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+sárva, mf(ā)n. (perhaps connected with sāra q.v.; inflected as a pronoun except nom. acc. sg. n. sarvam, and serving as a model for a series of pronominals cf. sarva-nāman) whole, entire, all, every (m. sg. “every one;” pl. “all;” n. sg. “everything;” sometimes strengthened by viśva [which if alone in RV. appears in the meaning “all,” “every,” “every one”] and nikhila; sarve'pi, “all together;” sarvaḥ ko'pi, “every one so ever;” gavāṃ sarvam, “all that comes from cows;” sarva with a negation = “not any,” “no,” “none” or “not every one,” “not everything”) RV. &c. &c. ; of all sorts, manifold, various, different MBh. &c. ; (with another adjective or in comp.; cf. below) altogether, wholly, completely, in all parts, everywhere RV. ChUp. &c. ; ► p. 1184c
+sárvam, ind. (with sarveṇa) completely Divyâv. ; ► p. 1184c
+sárva, m. (declined like a subst.) N. of Śiva MBh. ; of Kṛishṇa Bhag. ; of a Muni Cat. ; pl. N. of a people MārkP. ; ► p. 1184c
+sárva, n. water Naigh. i, 12. [cf. Gk. $ for $ Lat. salvus.] ► p. 1185a
+Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953
+【释义】
+sarva (Skt.), all; adv. forms, esp. sarveṇa (noted by itself as adv. only in Mv i.90.6, all mss., Senart em. sarve te, wrongly), altogether; this is commonly emphasized by addition of a variety of other adv. forms in mg. ab-solutely altogether, in the most complete way: esp. sarveṇa sarvam (= Pali sabbena sabbaṃ) SP 321.8; LV 255.18; Mvy 6405; Mv ii.260.6, 7; 261.8; iii.223.6, 8; Divy 39.1; 105.7; 270.11; 502.22; Śikṣ 349.11; Mmk 400.5; 561.17; Dbh. 39.26; Bbh 324.1; in Mv i.126.8 prob. read sarveṇa sarvaṃ (ed. with mss. sarva-)śūnyaṃ; sarveṇa sarvaṃ sarvathā SP 77.7; Bbh 11.19; sarvathā sarvaṃ (= Pali sabbathā sabbaṃ) Mvy 6406 (follows 6405, above); sar-veṇa sarvaṃ sarvathā sarvaṃ Śikṣ 349.20; 350.7, 13; Laṅk 255.4; Suv 169.1, 6; AsP 25.13 et al.; sarveṇa sarvaḥ (read sarvaṃ) sarvathā sarvaṃ sarvadā Śikṣ 9.13, see note p. 395, which cites Bcp. as reading in the same passage sarveṇa sarvaṃ sarvathā, only. See also sarvehi and sarvatratāye.
+► p. 583
+==2、sadbhāva==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 sadbhāva
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	yod pa，dngos po yod pa，mnga' ba
+【释义】 ［阳］ ❶ 真情，亲情。❷ 实有。〔古〕 有，實是有。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+sad-bhāva, m. real being, existence Bhag. R. MārkP. &c. ; the being true, truth, real state of things (śāstra-bh°, “the true purport of a work”) MBh. VarBṛS. BrahmaP. &c. ; the quality of goodness W. ; uprightness GāruḍaP. ; goodness, kindness, affection for (prati), faithfulness MBh. Kāv. Kathās. &c. ► p. 1137b
+==3、abhilāpya==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 abhilāpya
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	brjod pa
+【释义】 ［］ 〔古〕可言説，所言説。
+Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953
+【释义】
+abhilāpya (rare except in neg. anabhi°, nirabhi°, qq.v.), expressible, that can be put in words: Bbh 265.16 °pya-vastu; 20 °pyāḥ svabhāvā dharmāṇām. In the prose Introduction to Bhad, line 2, Watanabe reads paraṃ-parābhilāpyānabhilāpya-buddhakṣetra-, but the true read-ing is paraṃparānabhilāpyānabhi° with v.l. and Gv 543.6; see anabhilāpyānabhilāpya.
+► p. 56
+==4、caturvidha==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 caturvidha
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	rnam pa bzhi，rnam pa bzhi po
+【释义】 〔古〕四種。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+cátur-vidha, mfn. (cát°) fourfold, of 4 sorts or kinds ŚBr. vii ŚāṅkhŚr. Mn. &c. ; ► p. 385a
+cátur-vidham, ind. (am) in 4 ways MBh. v, 1118 (ŚārṅgP.) ► p. 385a
+=adhimuktivaśāt teṣāṃ bhūtasaṃjñā prasādataḥ | yathārutāgrahāt saṃyagdeśitatvasya codgrahāt ||14||=
+==1、adhimukti==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 adhi-mukti
+【对译词】
+〈巴〉	adhimutti
+【词根来源】 √muc
+【释义】 ［阴］确信，坚信。〔古〕勝解，信解。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+adhi-mukti, f. propensity ; confidence. ► p. 21c
+Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953
+【释义】
+adhimukti, f. ( = Pali adhimutti; to adhimucyate), (1) strong inclination, attachment; earnest, zealous application; Tib. mos pa (Jäschke, to be pleased, la with; to wish, to have a mind; to take pleasure in, to rejoice at; as substantive pleasure, satisfaction, esteem; also to respect, to esteem, to respect with devotion, to revere, to adore); La V-P. AbhidhK. Index = ruci; cf. Bbh 95.12-13 kathaṃ ca bodhisattvo 'dhimuktibahulo bhavati? iha bodhisattvo 'ṣṭavidhe 'dhimuktyadhiṣṭhāne śraddhāprasādapūrvakeṇa niścayena rucyā samanvāgato bhavati. (Other alleged meanings, as croyance Lévi Sūtrāl. i.13 note 1; confiance, Burnouf; good will, Kern, in translation of SP; etc., are not supported by BHS usage, except as under 2, below.) It may be (but rarely is) applied to (a) non-religious objects: sa ca puruṣas (the father) teṣāṃ kumārakāṇām (his ignorant sons) āśayajño bhaved, adhimuktiṃ ca vijānīyāt, SP 73.14-15, ... and he understands their inclinations, what they are interested in. But usually the object is related to (b) a religious aim. It may be specified, syntactically (in the loc), as in yaṃ ... sugataḥ prabhāṣate, adhimuktisaṃ-panna bhavāhi tatra SP 32.15, what the Buddha soys, be perfect in zealous application to that. Usually it is not so specifically stated, tho the context is apt to suggest that it is zealous cultivation (study or propagation) of sacred texts or religious instruction that is meant (note-that the object of the verb adhimucyate is commonly some-thing of this sort); cf. e. g. -lokaṃ yathādhimuktyā (according to their [varying types or degrees of] zeal or application) subhāṣitena saṃtoṣayantam LV 160.17; adhimuktisāro yo syād ... saḥ, puṇyaṃ labheta yo etaṃ (most mss.) sūtraṃ vācel likheta vā SP 342.3-4. And this is probably meant as a rule when the context gives no special clue, as in many of the following: SP 6.13; 31.6; 93.9; 125.8, 235.10; 274.10; LV 10.11; 182.20; 432.8; Mvy 856; Samādh 22.43; RP 20.5; Bhad 7,48; Bbh 195.12; anadhimukti, lack of (religious) zeal RP 19.18; 35.4; various gods in Mv ii.309.14 ff. see the bodhi-tree svakāye adhmuktīye, according to their tastes, inclinations, interests (Senart suivant l'inclination de chaenn) as made of variousprecious materials; one of the ten bala of a tathāgata is nānādhimuktijñānabala Mvy 122 (and cf. Mv i.159.15 adhimuktinānātvaṃ vetti, as one of the ten bala); adhi-muktivaśitā Mvy 776, one of the 10 vaśitā of a Bodhisattva; yathādhimuktyā, adv., LV 160.17 (above) and 179.17; hīnādhimukti, attachment to low ends, SP 115.12 (cf. hīnādhimukta, °tika, s.vv. adhimukta, °tika); (in LV 294.4 for vidyādhimuktiprabhaḥ read probably vidyāvi-mukti°, having the splendor of (true) knowledge and emancipation, so Tib., rnam par grol ba = vimukti); (2) magic transformation, in adhimukti-balena LV 385.5, see s.v. adhimucyate (2), and adhitiṣṭhati, end.
+► p. 14
+==2、vaśa==
+梵汉词汇表
+【析词】 vaśa
+【对译词】
+〈藏〉	dbang
+【释义】 ［形］ 隶属的，服从的，着迷的，（复合后词），控制。
+［阳、中］ 愿望，控制，约束。
+〔古〕 力，自在。
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+vaśa 2., n. (cf. vasā) liquid fat, grease AV. AitBr. Kāṭh. ► p. 929c
+M. Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1899
+【释义】
+váśa 1., m. will, wish, desire RV. &c. &c. (also pl. váśān ánu or ánu váśa, “according to wish or will, at pleasure”) ; authority, power, control, dominion (in AV. personified) ib. (acc. with verbs of going e.g. with √ i, anu-√i, √ gam, ā-√gam, √ ya, ā-√pad, ā-√sthā &c., “to fall into a person's [gen.] power, become subject or give way to;” acc. with √ nī, ā-√nī and pra-√yuj, or loc. with √ kṛ, √ labh or Caus. of √ sthā or saṃ-√sthā, “to reduce to subjection, subdue;” loc. with √ bhū, √ vṛt, √ sthā and saṃ-√sthā, “to be in a person's [gen.] power;” vaśena,°śāt,and°śa-taḥ, with gen. or ifc., “by command of, by force of, on account of, by means of, according to”) ; birth, origin L. ; a brothel L. (cf. veśa) ; Carissa Carandas L. ; the son of a Vaiśya and a Karaṇī L. ; N. of a Ṛishi preserved by the Aśvins RV. ; (with aśvya) of the supposed author of RV. viii, 46 (in ŚBr. &c. also of this hymn itself) ; = vālmīki Gal. ; pl. N. of a people AitBr. MBh. ; ► p. 929a
+váśā, f. See below ; ► p. 929a
+váśa, mf(ā)n. willing, submissive, obedient, subject to or dependent on (gen.) Kathās. BhP. Pañcat. ; docile L. ; free, licentious L. ► p. 929a
+Franklin Edgerton, Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary, 1953
+【释义】 vaśa, m.; app. as an extension of the Skt. use of -vaśena, -vaśāt, on account of, for the sake of, by reason of (so very often BHS, e. g. vaineya-vaśena, for the sake or purpose of conversion, SP 319.1; Mv i.238.8; 307.9; 312.5), we have first a periphrasis of -vaśena by -vaśam upādāya, SP 320.4; Gv 206.5, see s.v. upādāya (1d), adopting the purpose of.. .; so that vaśa seems to acquire a mg. (for which I have found no exact parallel elsewhere) basis, motivation, (controlling) motive, as in: sa imam arthavaśaṃ saṃpaśyan Śikṣ 22.3, he, perceiving this basis (motiimtion) of (his) aim, i.e. perceiving that the processes just described have their aim thus based or motivated.
+► p. 473